Seán Proinsias Ó Faoláin (22 February 1900– 20 April 1991) was an Irish short story writer. He was elected Saoi of Aosdána in 1986.
Born as John Francis Whelan in Cork City, County Cork, Ireland, Sean Ó Faoláin wrote his first stories in the 1920s. Through 90 stories, written over a period of 60 years, Ó Faoláin charts the development of modern Ireland. His Collected Stories were published in 1983, eight years before his death on 20 April 1991, in Dublin.
Ó Faoláin was educated at the Presentation Brothers Secondary School in Cork. He fought in the War of Independence. He received M.A. degrees from the National University of Ireland and from Harvard University, was a Commonwealth Fellow from 1926 to 1928 and a Harvard Fellow from 1928 to 1929.
From 1929 to 1933 Ó Faoláin lectured at St Mary's College, Strawberry Hill, during which period he wrote his first two books.
He served as director of the Arts Council of Ireland from 1956 to 1959, and from 1940 to 1990 he was a founder member and editor of the Irish literary periodical The Bell. The list of contributors to The Bell included many of Ireland's foremost writers, among them Patrick Kavanagh, Patrick Swift, Flann O'Brien, Frank O'Connor and Brendan Behan.
Ó Faoláin married Eileen Gould, a children's writer, in 1929. Their daughter Julia O'Faolain (b. 1932) is a Booker-nominated novelist and short-story writer. Their son Stephen was born in 1938.